World History Study Guide Free Essays

AP World History Unit Two Test Study Guide 1. Clarify the Indian position framework and assess its significance in cultural working. 2. We will compose a custom paper test on World History Study Guide or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Thoroughly analyze Confucian and Hindu qualities. 3. Analyze the association inside the India’s exchange arrange. 4. Investigate China and India’s social and financial structures. 5. Look into Greek and Indian governmental issues. 6. Assess the Roman Empire from a Confucian perspective. 7. Clarify the social chain of command of China. 8. Examine the qualities and shortcomings of China’s economy. 9. Examine the jobs of ladies in Han China and after the fall of Han China. 0. Inspect social dispersion in early Chinese history. 11. Thoroughly analyze the attacks of India and the intrusions of China. 12. Investigate the Mauryan tradition and the Gupta line. 13. Thoroughly analyze old style China and the Huanghe waterway valley developments. 14. Clarify the â€Å"Son of Heaven â€Å"concept. 15. Analyze the Chinese perspectives on nature. 16. Look into Daoism and Confucianism. 17. Talk about the idea of â€Å"ceremony† in high society Chinese life. 18. Inspect how the Roman rulers controlled well known issue. 19. Clarify the Socratic Method. 0. Look into the Greek and Hellenistic way to deal with science. 21. Look into Chinese design with Greek and Roman engineering. 22. Look into Greek and Roman agribusiness. 23. Clarify the job of slaves in the Roman Empire. 24. Look at the impacts on the principal realms in East Africa underneath the Sahara. 25. Examine Wang Mang’s Reform Program. 26. Clarify China’s uniqueness in the antiquated world. 27. Clarify the arrangement of the jatis in India and its belongings. 28. Thoroughly analyze the city conditions of Classical Greece and Han China. 9. Look at the impacts of Germanic clans in the western piece of Roman Empire. 30. Investigate the unmistakable quality of domains in India and China. 31. Look into old style Chinese and Roman domains. 32. Investigate the traditional religions and methods of reasoning (e. g. : Confucianism). 33. Decide significant impacts of Zoroastrianism. 34. Look into Buddhism, Hinduism and Christianity. 35. Look into Christianity and Zoroastrianism. 36. Talk about the decay of Buddhism in India and the ascent in China. 37. Look into Christianity when the demise of Jesus. 38. Thoroughly analyze Persian and Greek methods of overseeing. 39. Look into the Persian and the Mauryan realms. 40. Talk about inspirations for the extension of the Roman Empire. 41. Look into old style Athens and Sparta. 42. Talk about the jobs of ladies in antiquated social orders. 43. Analyze the reasons for the breakdown of the Maya progress. 44. Talk about the geological areas of peaceful social orders (old style period). 45. Look at the areas that had the least gainful agribusiness and clarify the causes. 6. Talk about the topographical locales of the rise of human advancements and clarify why there? 47. Look into African societies and their particular highlights. 48. Follow the spread of Bantu individuals to south and east Africa. 49. Thoroughly analyze of Mesoamerican and Andean societies. 50. Figure out which traditional progress developed critical urban communities, however didn't have an including state structure and clari fy why. Paper: Comparative examination: Compare and balance patriotism with the Chinese methods of reasoning that rose in the Warring States Period. The most effective method to refer to World History Study Guide, Essay models world history study manage Free Essays

Early Childhood Curriculum Essay

In Early Childhood Education you use ways of thinking to enable you to succeed. You likewise ensure that you investigate the NAEYC position and measures to ensure you are running a study hall that is inside the guidelines. These are two basic factors in an Early Childhood homeroom and you need to realize how to actualize them in your educating. John Dewey was an American teacher and scholar. He built up the possibility of realism. He felt that youngsters ought to investigate and find. â€Å"Dewey and other dynamic adherents recommended an educational plan for small kids that concentrated on the circumstance and difficulties that youngsters looked as individuals from an equitable society† (Eliason and Jenkins pg. 5). Maria Montessori is most popular for her instructing strategy that has her name the Montessori Method. She accepted that the scenes were the wellspring of scholarly development and improvement. â€Å"She stressed the significance of the schools and families working together† (Eliason and Jenkins pg. 5). Jean Piaget is known well for his intellectual advancement hypothesis. â€Å" Programs that fuse Piagentian hypothesis underscores that kids learn through experimentation and activity and build their own insight and comprehension through adjustment o the environment† ( Eliason and Jenkins pg. 5). There are a wide range of approaches to educate. A portion of the objectives of instructing are: â€Å"1. understanding the idea of improvement and learning. 2. Recognize what to instruct, how to educate, and realize how to get to what kids have realized. 3. Make a mindful and responsive learning condition. 4. Set up positive common connections of trust and regard with families 5. Seek after expert preparing and information. 6. Approach each youngster with deference, pride, and positive regard† (Eliason and Jenkins pg. 13). â€Å"The NAEYC is committed to improving the prosperity of every single little youngster, with the attention on nature of instructive administrations for all kids birth to age eight† (NAEYC. Organization). NAEYC position explanations are their situation to issues identified with youth instruction. A portion of the issues are: hostile to separation, code of morals, formatively fitting practice and youth educational plan, appraisal, and program assessment. â€Å"Naeyc’s first duty is to the rights and enthusiasm to all children† (NAEYC. Organization). They accept that one ought to be recruited on their ability and capabilities to play out their assigned obligations and that it ought not be founded on sex, race, national root, strict convictions, age, conjugal status, handicaps, or sexual direction. The NAEYC code of morals â€Å"offers rules for mindful practices and set fourth a typical inclination for settling the key moral situations experienced during youth care and education† (NAEYC. Organization). It additionally doesn't permit teachers, specialists, and medical caretakers to refuse any assistance to kids. The formatively fitting practice is to â€Å"to advance greatness in youth training by giving a system to best practices† (NAEYC. Organization). It advances nature of care and instruction. The NAEYC â€Å" builds complete frameworks of educational plan, appraisal, and program assessment guided by sound youth rehearses, successful early learning gauges and program guidelines are a lot of center standards and qualities, faith in community and fair values† ( NAEYC. Organization). They ensure that youngsters are dynamic, and drew in educational plan objectives are shared by all and that educational program is proof based. â€Å"Early youth homerooms should networks of request, issue presenting, and critical thinking, where kids see that in math exercises they are relied upon to offer their considerations about inquiries presented and to discover goals to these problems† (Eliason and Jenkins pg. 319). Instructors need to fuse critical thinking and math in the educational plan to do this educators must stay away from sexual orientation inclination with respect to math. They ought to perceive various open doors during the day to show math and furthermore to ensure that early math is concrete and manipulative. † The concentration in youth is in getting numbers and the number framework and understanding activities explicitly expansion and subtraction† (Eliason and Jenkins pg. 323). Youngsters are checking for their entire life. They learn by playing various games or things, for example, climbing steps. Repetion encourages the kid to retain the grouping and hints of numbers. At the point when you are doing tunes or finger play the kids are learning their numbers and the right request they ought to be in. â€Å"The premise of a top notch program in youth is advancing sentiments or confidence and nobility in each child† (Eialson and Jenkins pg. 143). Educators need to enable the kids to assemble their confidence. A few different ways to help fortify a child’s confidence is ensure you are straightforward, genuine, and reliable in communicating emotions. Instructors should ensure they esteem the children’s work and exertion. On the off chance that a kid has a difficult you can help in at any rate that you can. Savagery isn't useful for small kids. â€Å" Violence brings about youngsters accepting that there is no sheltered spot, that their defenders can no longer secure them â€Å" ( Eliason and Jenkins pg. 149).â€Å"This can impact theirâ emotional advancement. â€Å"Stress creates when we can not adapt to either outside or inner demands† (Eialson and Jenkins pg. 148). Some outside wellsprings of stress would be hunger, torment, ailment, weakness, modesty, and feelings. Outside pressure would be separate, family division, hospitalization, and passing. Educators can assist kids with managing worry from various perspectives, for example, empower the youngster, acclaim the kid, ect. â€Å"Development in subjective language and education permits small kids to develop significance and construct understanding† (Eialson and Jenkins pg. 189). Educators should make language and proficiency improvement in all educational program. â€Å"Literacy advancement starts in the beginning periods of adolescence, despite the fact that the exercises of small kids may not appear to be identified with perusing and writing† (Johnson, D. ). At the point when you are helping your youngsters with their education advancement you have to assist with empowering them. A few different ways to help empower them would be: To give numerous chances to talking, ensure you tune in, ask the youngsters inquiries, ensure they are in an agreeable loosened up air, and perceive and help right if the kid utilize linguistic mistakes. Sharing stories and verse are acceptable exercises to help bolster language advancement. â€Å"The essential variables affecting the improvement of language give off an impression of being 1) The child’s inborn capacity to learn language,2) The nature of the model or the early incitement and assortment gave by the model. 3) The capacity of the parental figure to grow or expand the Childs language† (Eialson and Jenkins pg. 204). â€Å"Children’s improvement in semantics, or the implications of words, is legitimately identified with the experience and connections that they have† (Eialson and Jenkins pg. 193). In the event that a kid hears a word they have never heard they won't have the option to utilize it, yet they can utilize sentences they have never heard. Books help extend their language implications and jargon. â€Å" It is significant that grown-ups continually share, talk, broaden, trade language, and give names to words as kids have encounters at zoos, market, leave, school, home, in the vehicle, in the study hall, or in any setting† ( Eialson and Jenkins pg. 193). Kids will in general figure out how to peruse various signs that they see continually again and again even before they can really peruse. These signs incorporate ones, for example, stop signs, McDonalds, burger lord, ect. â€Å"Syntax is the arrangement of rules for making or understanding a sentence† (Eialson and Jenkins pg. 193). At the point when youngsters initially start to utilize words there is no proof of linguistic structure yet as the kid turns four you can begin to here this with the kids. The youngsters figure out how to mimic sentences when they are first learning and this is the manner by which they learn linguistic structure. You can likewise enable the youngster to learn by growing what the kid says till they figure out how to include this in themselves. As instructors we have to ensure that we talk ton each kid utilizing right language. â€Å"As youngsters develop, they increase expanded office with syntactic structure, persuading that development is a variable in sentence structure growth† (Eialson and Jenkins pg. 194). â€Å" Through music and development small kids communicate, investigate space, create language and relational abilities, increment tactile mindfulness, and communicate through cadence, motion, time, and space† ( Eliason and Jenkins pg. 353). Adding music to your educational program is significant on the grounds that it assists youngsters with finding out about various societies just as about their own way of life. Through music they express their feelings and it encourages them discharge their emotions. Contingent upon what music you are tuning in to it can either quiet, or help calm pained sentiments. It can enable the youngsters to upgrade their self-esteem. Music likewise assists with children’s listening aptitudes, ability to focus, and their memory. Language and language ideas can likewise be created through music. â€Å"Research underpins the thought of the physical and mental points of interest of music on the body and mind† (Eialson and Jenkins pg. 354). â€Å"Young kids have a characteristic interest on the planet, and this is the place science instruction ought to begin† (Eialson and Jenkins pg. 237). Science ought to be instructed as involved learning, it ought to be a characteristic piece of the ordinary educational plan. â€Å"Language and education advancement are emphatically upheld when science exercises are incorporated all through the curriculum† (Eialson and Jenkins pg. 239). Science is instructed through ob

Fulbright, James William

Fulbright, James William Fulbright, James William, 1905â€"95, U.S. Senator from Arkansas (1945â€"75), b. Sumner, Mo. A Rhodes scholar, he was admitted (1934) to the bar and served (1934â€"35) in the antitrust division of the U.S. Dept of Justice. He taught law at George Washington Univ. law school (1935â€"36) and at the Univ. of Arkansas (1936â€"39), becoming president of the university (1939â€"41). In 1942 Fulbright was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives and in 1944 to the Senate. He gained international recognition from the Fulbright Act (1946), which provided for the exchange of students and teachers between the United States and many other countries. He was one of the first to criticize Senator Joseph McCarthy 's investigations into reputed Communist influence in the United States and was instrumental in bringing about McCarthy's downfall. Fulbright served as chairman of the Senate banking and currency committee (1955â€"59) and, as chairman of the Senate foreign relations commi ttee (1959â€"74), he conducted frequent open hearings to educate the public and to reassert the Senate's influence in long-range policy formulation. An outspoken critic of U.S. military intervention abroad, Fulbright opposed the Bay of Pigs invasion (1961), the landing of marines in the Dominican Republic (1965), and the escalation of the war in Vietnam. However, Fulbright could be conservative as well; he voted against civil-rights legislation in the 1960s and 1970s. In the 1974 Democratic primary in Arkansas, he was defeated for the senatorial nomination by Dale Bumpers. He wrote Old Myths and New Realities (1964), The Arrogance of Power (1966), The Pentagon Propaganda Machine (1970), The Crippled Giant (1972), and The Price of Empire (1989). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

How can Art be Defined - 1086 Words

The search for a definition of Art has been subject of a complex philosophical reflection incorporated; however, within different thematics because the very idea of Art is changeable as it relies on the culture and the tradition of a particular epoch. Etymologically, the word Aesthetics derives from the Greek à  isthesis, which means perception by the senses. It used to refer as the study of the world of perceptions as the doctrine aimed to discover the complexity of perceptive knowledge. In ancient times, the concept of Art was closely related to the practice with the technique which Plato argued were, certainly, not positive. According to the philosopher, Art and Tragedy are copies of copies, the copies of the sensible world. He argues†¦show more content†¦Faced with the difficulties encountered by the circularity of the Institutional theory, some theoreticians have tried to develop some definitions based on the relational properties of art, changing the terms of the essential relationships between its properties. On this terms, a very interesting approach has been suggested by Levinson (1979), who is committed to the development of a definition in which the Art is identified through the relationship with history. Levinson (1979) argues that an object is a work of art if it has been created to be perceived and evaluated in the same way that previous and recognized works of art have been received and evaluated. In other words, what is art today resembles the continuing relationship which justifies the attribution of the â€Å"status of Artwork.† His theory, known as the Historical-Intentional, is halfway between the Institutional and the other traditional Aesthetics definitions. Levinsons proposal differs significantly from that of Dickie (1974), and the difference lies in the recovery of a real contact with our relationship with history and with the Artworks. Even though I truly appreciate the effort of philosophers in trying to identify a generic definition, I assume that there is not a unique definition of Art, this word is far too complex and matter of subjectivity, and I believe that it is not necessary â€Å"to incorporate the universal in the particular.† Art is generally the perception of beauty, butShow MoreRelatedHow Romanticism Can Be Defined As A Style Of Art And Literature During The 18th And 19th Centuries883 Words   |  4 PagesRomanticism can be defined as both a style of art and literature during the 18th and 19th centuries that heavily emphasized imagination and emotion. Walden, or Life in the Woods is an excellent example of a novel that embodies American Romanticism. Thoreau conveys his thoughts and ideas through his literature. hen one reads Walden Carefully, one can find many of the characteristics of Romanticism in it. In Where I Lived and What I Lived For, Thoreau rejects civilization and seeks to spend more timeRead MoreIs management an art or a science1538 Words   |  7 Pageson whether management is an art or a science. To be able to determine where management falls in these two terms, it is important to know what they each mean and give support as to why it can either be an art or a science. Below shall be a discussion in detail on whether management is an art or a science but to begin with it is important to know what management is and what it entails. Management according to Henri Fayol a renowned scholar said management ‘can be defined as a set of activities, includingRead MoreArt and Video Game867 Words   |  4 Pagesnot a traditional art form, video games do have an artistic basis. 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He believes that art can only be defined as realRead MoreARTS 125 Week 5 Assignment Art And Culture Paper858 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Art and Culture Liliana Gonzalez ART/125 May 11, 2015 Joseph Blomer University of Phoenix Abstract Art has evolved in ways only one can imagine, however; their imagination does not have to go far because all one has to do is turn on the computer and connect to the World Wide Web to get information on everything. 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Could life imitate art? The semantics of the phrase seem too ambiguous for such a statement. What is the definition of art, of life? The phrase suggests that art reinforces cultural and social beliefs by using the verb imitate. If art imitates life, then life imitates art. The verb is reflexive and positioned in the middle of the two wordsRead MoreWhat Is Knowledge As The Information You Understand From Experience Or Education? Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pagesthat we can also value knowledge on its applicability not necessarily on its difficulty level. One example could be seen when looking at a theory in physics it may have been very difficult to produce however be useless in t he perspective of an artist who has no use for that knowledge. But before we can analyze the question we must really understand the question. In this essay I will be defining knowledge as the information you understand from experience or education. Produce will be defined as creatingRead MoreHum -102 - Week 1 - Humanities Today Paper871 Words   |  4 Pagesto see what our future holds. This paper will examine how the study of humanities is differentiated between other modes of expression. The paper will also review examples of art, music, architecture, philosophy, literature and film that reflect current socio-economics, technology and politics. Humanities Defined The study of humanity provides insight into how humans have developed culturally. The insight that art, literature and music can provide allows us to understand the influence that it providedRead MoreArt And Its Influence On Art942 Words   |  4 PagesIn philosophy, art and more specifically the definition of art is very controversial. There has been ongoing debate on whether or not art can truly be defined. If defined, is there worth behind the definition? There are two main contemporary definitions that can be used to narrow down this category. Modern conventionalist and contemporary both focus on art but at a different extent. Modern conventionalist emphasizes the movement of art and how it changes over time as well as it focuses on features

Concussions As A Type Of Traumatic Brain Injury - 1289 Words

Concussions, a type of traumatic brain injury, are a frequent concern for those playing sports, from children and teenagers to professional athletes. Repeated concussions are a known cause of various neurological disorders, most notably chronic traumatic encephalopathy, which in professional athletes has led to premature retirement, erratic behavior and even suicide. Over 1.6 million Americans have sustained concussion-related injuries. Because concussions cannot be seen on X-rays or CT scans, attempts to prevent concussions have been difficult. The dangers of repeated concussions have long been known for boxers and wrestlers; a form of CTE common in these two sports, dementia pugilistica, was first described in 1928. An awareness of the†¦show more content†¦A concussion will affect the way a person s brain works. There is the potential of post-concussion syndrome, post-concussion syndrome is defined as a set of symptoms that may continue after a concussion is sustained. Along with the classification of post-concussion symptoms, the symptoms can also be described as immediate and delayed. Playing through concussion makes people more vulnerable to getting hit again, and that is why most sports have test that trainers will perform to prevent getting hit a second time. A second blow can cause a rare condition known as second-impact syndrome, which can result in severe injury or death. Second-impact syndrome is when an athlete suffers a second head injury before the brain has adequate time to heal in between concussions. Repeated concussions have been linked to a variety of neurological disorders among athletes, including CTE, Alzheimer s Disease, Parkinsonism and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis . Incidence It is estimated that as many as 1.6-3.8 million concussions occur in the US per year in competitive sports and recreational activities; this is a rough estimate, since as many as 50% of concussions go unreported. Concussions occur in all sports with the highest incidence in American football, hockey, rugby, soccer, and basketball. Policies Major League Baseball Major League Baseball s policy was first started in 2007, and injured players are examined by a team athletic trainer on

Art 2c de Young Museum Report Free Essays

D. Pasturel Arts 2C Winter 2013 Midterm Review Date of Quiz: Thursday,January 24 Date of Midterm: Wednesday, February 13 The following are images which you will need to know for the exam. I will ask you to call to mind the artist, or the title, or the date, or the period. We will write a custom essay sample on Art 2c de Young Museum Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now You should memorize all of the information provided. * 1. Bemini. Baldacchino. St. Peter’s, Rome. 1624-1633. Italian Baroqu6. pg. 673. 2. Bemini. Ecstasy of St. Theresa. Comaro Chapel. 1645-1652. ItalianBaroque. pg. 675. 3. Caravaggio. Conversionof St. Paul. c. 1601. ItalianBaroque. pg. 683. {e 4. caravaggio. calling of St. Matthew. c. 1597-1601. Italian Baroque. pg. 681. {( + * 5. Artemesia Gentileschi. Judith Slaying Holofernes. c. 1614-1620. Italian Baroque. pg. 683. 6. Josd de Ribera. Martyrdom of st. Philip. c. 1639. spanish Baroque. pg. 688. T. Yelazquez. Las Meninas. 1656. Spanish Baroque. pg. 691. 8. Rubens. Elevation of the Cross. 1610. Flemish Baroque. pg. 698. 9. Frans Hals. Archers of Saint Hadrian. c. 1633. Dutch Baroque. pg. 704. 10. Judith Leyster. Self-Portrait. c. 1630. Dutch Baroque. pg. 705. 11. Rembrandt Van Rijn. Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp . 1632. Dutch Baroque. pg. 706. Rijn. Night Watch. 642. Dutch Baroque. pg. 707. 12. Rembrandt Van 13. Vermeer. Woman Holding a Balance. c. 1664. Dutch Baroque. pg. 7ll. 14. Georges de La Tour. Adoration of the Shepherds. 1645-50. French Baroque. pg. 723. 15. Poussin. EtinArcadiaEgo. c. 1655. FrenchBaroque. pg. 719. 16. Claude Lorrain. Landscape with Cattle and Peasants. 1629. French Baroque. pg. 72I. 17. Hyacinthe Rigaud. Louis )ilV. n}l. French B aroque. pg. 7l4. 18. Mansart and Le 19. Frangois de Brun. Hall of Mirrors. Versailles. c. 1680. French Baroque. pg. 716. 730.. Cuvillids. Hall of Minors, the Amalienburg. Early 18s c. Rococo. g. 2}. Walteau. Pilgrimage to Cythera 21. Boucher. Cupid a Captive . 1717. Rococo. pg. 732. . 1754. Rococo. pg. 733. 22. Fragonard. The Swing. 1766. Rococo. pe. 734. II. In addition to the slide identifications, other questions including multiple choice, and shortanswer questions will be on the midterm examination. In order to respond to these questions, you should have a strong understanding of the following: A. all of the periods we have discussed in class, including: 1. The Baroque – chapter24 a. Italy b. Spain 2. The Baroque * chapter 25 a. Flanders b. The Dutch Republic c. France 3. The Rococo – chapter 26 (to page 734) B. While you will be tested on the slides listed above h â€Å"I†, you will also be expected to have a good comprehension of images not necessarily on the list. We have seen, for example, images in class that are not in the textbook, including a number of works by Vermeer. Although you will not be expected to know the titles or the dates of the slides not on the list, you should have a general understandlng of these to be able to answer possible multiple choice or short answer questions. Reading over your class notes should help in familiarizing yourself with these works. C. The exam will also include multiple choice and short answer questions on the history and culture of the above mentioned societies. This is the type of knowledge that should be stressed when studying for the exam. The Reformation and Counter-Reformation, for example, in-fluenced so much art of this period that an understanding of these movements is critical. Culturally, the religious beliefs and expanding middle class of Holland played a large role in the art produced in that country. III. Ways to study: A. attend class regularly B. read over your class notes thoroughly C. emorize the slide list above (either from the book or from my sites. goo gle. com/site/dpasturelarthistory/) D. read the textbook website: IV. What to bring to the exarR: A. apen and or a#2pencil B. scantron form available in the bookstore C. no dictionaries will be perrnitted except in special cases that have been cleared with me in advance CIIEATING POLICY: CHEATING WILL NOT BE TOLERATED. If you are caught chea ting during the exam, you will be asked to leave. If your responses are exactly the sa$te, or suspiciously similar to thbse of another student, your work will be catled into question. How to cite Art 2c de Young Museum Report, Papers

Health Literacy And Improving Communication Skills †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Health Literacy And Communication. Answer: The term health literacy is defined as the degree to which a particular health individual has the capability to obtain information, process and thereby understand the different information related to health. It also helps the individual to understand the basic services which are needed to make development in the quality of health and hence make proper health decisions. Health literacy has been found to be guided by a large number of factors (Beatencourt et al., 2016). These are communication skills of the lay persons as well as the professionals. Moreover, the knowledge of the patients who arrive at the hospital as well as the knowledge possessed by the health care professional also affects the service delivery quality. Cultural backgrounds of the patients as well as the healthcare staffs influence the idea of different services as different cultures tend to make definite perceptions about a particular healthcare (Arnold Boggs, 2015). Often demands of the situation as well as the de mands of the healthcare and public health systems also tend to act as important factors in which health literacy is dependent on (Koh, Gracia Alvarez, 2014). The essay will now focus on the importance that communication holds in relation to health literacy in culturally diverse environments. It will also show how strategies can be developed to promote health literacy with the help of effective communication in the healthcare settings. Cultural competency is a very important attribute that every healthcare professional should possess as a part of their service delivery. Culture is a particular domain which has the ability to affect how people communicate, understand and thereby respond to different healthy information that is provided by the health care professionals (Purnell, 2014). The healthcare professional who has the feature of cultural as well as linguistic competency can contribute to health literacy. It is very important for the healthcare professional attending a culturally diverse patient to have an idea of cultural competence. With the help of this ability the healthcare professionals can recognize the cultural beliefs, values, traditions, language preferences as well as the attitudes and thereby can understand the health practices of the diverse population. Understanding the knowledge of the patient about his health is very important so that the healthcare practitioner can apply interventions according to their cultural preferences (Betancourt, Corbett Bondayrk, 2014). Communication is found to be effective tool that helps in developing health literacy in not only a patient of similar culture but also helps in developing literacy in culturally diverse patients. The healthcare professionals have their own culture and language that have been incorporate within them when they go through their education years and even join their profession. Therefore many of them adopt the culture of medicine and therefore they tend to develop a language specialty. This is mainly due to the result of their own training and work environment. Therefore it becomes a barrier for many of such healthcare professionals to get over their regular practice and communicate with patients in a simpler way (Jordan et al., 2013). This becomes more difficult for patients who are coming from a culturally diverse background. This is mainly because patients with different cultures have their own perception of healthcare that they want to get as a service. Moreover due to their language b arrier, it sometimes becomes difficult for them to express their concerns and their needs. Moreover it also becomes much difficult for them to understand the different alternatives of healthcare treatment that the healthcare professional is suggesting them. These are two reasons. The first one may be a language barrier where the patient is not being able to grasp what the healthcare patient is suggesting them. The second reason is as they are from a different culture, their ways and perceptions of healthcare may differ from those practices by the healthcare organizations. Moreover being lay man, developing ideas concepts about various diseases, their treatments and often the services available for them are also not possible as their perceptions may vary and they may also not have proper knowledge (Tucker et al., 2015). They need to develop a communication skill which will help the patients to promote their health literacy but will also help them to express their concerns. The commun icative skills will be exhibited in a way which will maintain the autonomy and dignity of the patients besides respecting the culture of the patients paying importance to their diversity (Beauchamp et al., 2015). Communication is found to be an integral part not only in making appointments for this visit for advice to the healthcare sectors but also in every important aspects like developing the knowledge about the disorder that had occurred in the patient. It also helps the patient to understand the risks and benefits that the patients may face from the service and then understand the care instructions (Attard et al., 2015). In short, communication is a skill required for developing health literacy in patients. However the entire procedure becomes difficult for a patient of culturally different background as their ways of perception of health care may vary; the services may not be according to their customs and traditions or may be due to simple language behaviour. Hence it is the entire responsibility of the nurse or the healthcare professional to develop communication skills that will help in developing the health literacy among the culturally diverse patients (Chiu et al., 2016). Researchers have therefore come to a conclusion that it is extremely important for the healthcare professionals to use a number of patient centered strategies. These will help the culturally diverse population who may fail to receive or may not understand oral as well as written health information in English which has used difficult complex medical jargon. This is because culturally diverse background people may not have knowledge in English with improper ideas about different diseases (Gordon et al., 2014). A negative aspect that may arise in similar situation is that healthcare disparities may arise when miscommunications take place and this affects certain patient population deeply. Therefore it becomes extremely important for both the healthcare professionals as when the healthcare organizations to address the disparities. This would be done so that not only the patient of different cultural background has the scope of enhancing their health literacy developments but also feel re spected and accepted within the healthcare organization (Huff, Kline Peterson, 2014). The first strategy that is important for the healthcare professionals to include in their practice is gathering of important information about the patients culture, their preferences, and their perceptions towards healthcare, their needs and others. This can be achieved in two important ways. The first way is to engage the patient into a compassionate interaction session, where the patient will be able to able to express her feelings and needs (Truong, Paradies Priest, 2014). These professionals should engage into a compassionate task only after the professional would be gathering enough information about their culture from external sources like internet, colleagues of similar backgrounds and others and prepare his communicative skills. Then the professional would engage into a talk where his main aim would be to develop the health literacy of the patent in a way which would respect their ethnicity and culture. He would also ensure that this talk also helps them to understand the im portance of changes in perceptions. Just by providing the information to the patient, the healthcare professional can never be sure that the patient had developed health literacy about the issue that is discussed. Another important stage of effective communication is to ensure that the listener is able to process the information that is provided to her. This can be only understood by proper evaluation methods which should be taken by the professional Researchers say that there are reports where patients often admit that they have agreed coming under pressure and such a statement from patent may engage the staff in ethical and legal complications. Therefore the healthcare professional should ensure that the patient never agrees under pressure (Doornbros, Zandie DeGroot, 2014). The healthcare professional should also evaluate that whether the patients may ot properly understanding the information and processing them sequentially. Many patients even fail to understand themselves whether they have properly understood the information provided by the staffs. Others may acknowledge that they have limitations but try very hard to avoid embarrassment. Even there are many patients who do not enquire even if the information are not clear to them for they believe that their culture would be disrespected by the professional thinking them to be inefficient. Nurses, with the help of their holistic approach should try to develop a bond with the patients with different backgrounds so that they release their complexities and enquire about their issues. Moreover a patients activity like issues in filling an English form, reading a printed material, unable to process information and others should be noted. Therefore while providing information, the professional should use simple terms which are familiar with the patients belonging to separate culture. The staff should incorporate changes in his communication technique accprding to the patients culture. The professional should arrange the information in user friendl y simple manner by organizing them into units which would be headed by titles. It is extremely important for the staff to develop knowledge about different meanings of particular words which are held by different cultures in different ways. Therefore it is the duty of the professionals to look over it and take necessary steps. Another strategy that the healthcare professional may use to overcome the barrier and ensure development of health literacy in the individual is the teach back method. Here the patient would be asked to repeat what he had understood. This would help the professional to understand how efficiently he had explained the topic and how much the patent had been able to grasp them. The teach-back is a very good evaluative method and would help the professional in developing proper health literacy among the patients of different backgrounds (Chiu et al., 2016). Therefore, one can easily understand how important is the relationship of effective communication of healthcare professionals with that of the patients of culturally diverse background. It has been seen that developing health literacy is extensively important for patients to understand the disorders that they are experiencing, the risks associated with them, the benefits that they will have from proper treatment and the associated information. However, not all the patients are able to understand the different heath realted information due to gaps in knowledge or due to differences in cultural traditions. As a result, often ethical and legal complications arise. Therefore the healthcare professionals should be responsible enough to develop strategies through effective communication method which would help them to promote health literacy in the patients of diverse cultural backgrounds and thereby provide the best service to mankind. References: Arnold, E. C., Boggs, K. U. (2015).Interpersonal relationships: Professional communication skills for nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. Attard, M., McArthur, A., Riitano, D., Aromataris, E., Bollen, C., Pearson, A. (2015). Improving communication between health-care professionals and patients with limited English proficiency in the general practice setting.Australian journal of primary health,21(1), 96-101. Beauchamp, A., Buchbinder, R., Dodson, S., Batterham, R. W., Elsworth, G. R., McPhee, C., ... Osborne, R. H. (2015). Distribution of health literacy strengths and weaknesses across socio-demographic groups: a cross-sectional survey using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ).BMC public health,15(1), 678. Betancourt, J. R., Corbett, J., Bondaryk, M. R. (2014). Addressing disparities and achieving equity: cultural competence, ethics, and health-care transformation.CHEST Journal,145(1), 143-148. Betancourt, J. R., Green, A. R., Carrillo, J. E., Owusu Ananeh-Firempong, I. I. (2016). Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care.Public health reports. Chiu, C., Feuz, M. A., McMahan, R. D., Miao, Y., Sudore, R. L. (2016). Doctor, make my decisions: decision control preferences, advance care planning, and satisfaction with communication among diverse older adults.Journal of pain and symptom management,51(1), 33-40. Doornbos, M. M., Zandee, G. L., DeGroot, J. (2014). Attending to Communication and Patterns of Interaction Culturally Sensitive Mental Health Care for Groups of Urban, Ethnically Diverse, Impoverished, and Underserved Women.Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association,20(4), 239-249. Gordon, R. M., Corcoran, J. R., Bartley-Daniele, P., Sklenar, D., Sutton, P. R., Cartwright, F. (2014). A transdisciplinary team approach to pain management in inpatient health care settings.Pain Management Nursing,15(1), 426-435. Huff, R. M., Kline, M. V., Peterson, D. V. (Eds.). (2014).Health promotion in multicultural populations: A handbook for practitioners and students. SAGE publications. Jordan, J. E., Buchbinder, R., Briggs, A. M., Elsworth, G. R., Busija, L., Batterham, R., Osborne, R. H. (2013). The Health Literacy Management Scale (HeLMS): A measure of an individual's capacity to seek, understand and use health information within the healthcare setting.Patient education and counseling,91(2), 228-235. Koh, H. K., Gracia, J. N., Alvarez, M. E. (2014). Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services--advancing health with CLAS.The New England journal of medicine,371(3), 198. Purnell, L. D. (2014).Guide to culturally competent health care. FA Davis. Truong, M., Paradies, Y., Priest, N. (2014). Interventions to improve cultural competency in healthcare: a systematic review of reviews.BMC health services research,14(1), 99. Tucker, C. M., Arthur, T. M., Roncoroni, J., Wall, W., Sanchez, J. (2015). Patient-centered, culturally sensitive health care.American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine,9(1), 63-77.

Interesting Personal Statement Essays (563 words) - Computer

Interesting Personal Statement National Merit Scholarship Scholarship Essay "Would you please get the mail," my mother implored as I entered the door. Heading towards the mailbox, I wondered if I would find daily assortment of bills and catalogues or something interesting addressed to me. To my delight, the first item was the new issue of PC Computing. Ever since I was introduced to computers when I was five, I have been fascinated by them. The summer before my sophomore year of high school, I wrote a program called Quickchange 95 using Visual Basic. This program changed the startup and shutdown screens of Windows 95. I distributed the program via shareware archives on the Internet, and I received email from all over the world about my creation. I shuffled through one of my mother's clothing catalogues to find my issue of Money Magazine. I have been interested in business and finance since the day which we started studying the stock market in fifth grade. The summer before my junior year, I combined my interests in business and computers by starting a web design company with a friend. We created a web site for a local bike shop which is only one of two bike shops in Connecticut to have a presence on the Internet. Currently, I am the head web designer for my school. I intend to combine computers and business in my future career. My goal is to work on the business side of a computer firm, and eventually, I would like to start my own computer company. A board of education letter of commendation for my participation in the FIRST robotics program also arrived today. I have been able to develop my entrepreneurial skills through the FIRST robotics program. FIRST is a national engineering competition in which partnerships are formed between local businesses and high schools to design and build a robot-like machine. The team has about six weeks to build a machine, that must be able to compete in a timed sporting event. I have been involved in FIRST each year of my high school career. Last year, I was team captain, and our team finished fourth in the country out of one hundred and fifty-six teams. As a result of my involvement with FIRST, I have improved my confidence, my leadership, and my team working abilities. FIRST gave me experience working with a diverse group of people with a variety of skills. Working alongside engineers from our sponsor company, International Fuel Cells, exposed me to the professional world beyond the classroom . I have a great appreciation for this program which has challenged me to bring out the best in myself and others. My last piece of mail was Tennis Magazine. I began playing tennis at the age of eight. During my freshman year, I played on the junior varsity tennis team, and I received the Manchester Racquet Club deserving player award which is a scholarship for a year of indoor lessons. The next two seasons, I played on the varsity tennis team. Last year, I was named to the Hartford Courant All Academic Team. Tennis has provided a welcome diversion from my technical pursuits. "What took you so long?" my mother asked as I entered the house. "Oh nothing, I really have to start my homework," as I tucked my magazines under my arms and ran up the stairs.

How to change car brakes essays

How to change car brakes essays If you do not know how to check or change your cars brakes, you will waste a lot of money and put your life in danger. Most people do not know how to check or change their brakes; it is fairly basic and not expensive if you can do it yourself. All new cars have disc brakes, so this essay will only detail instructions on them. First inspect your brakes to see if they need to be changed and if they do to what extent. Maybe you just need to replace the pads, or you need to replace the rotors and the calipers. Jack up the car. Use a hydraulic floor jack and jack stands so that you dont have to jack each side up separately only. Find a place on the frame to start jacking the car. This could be done from either the front or back, depending on which brakes are being done. Place the jack stands under the frame. Once the stands are in place, release the pressure on the floor jack. Once the car is jacked up you can remove the lug nuts and take the tires off. The calipers are the pieces that actually move when the brakes are applied, they push the pads on the rotors to stop the car. The pads can be easily viewed. If they are worn a significant amount, they should be changed. Generally, the brake pads will start squeaking, when brakes are applied once they are in need of change. The rotors can be check ed to see if they must be replaced by how worn they are. Generally they do not need replacement much, as long as the pads are changed when they need to be the rotors will last a while. If the rotors have large grooves in them they need to be replaced. The calipers need to be replaced if the vehicle pulls to a certain side only when braking, or if the brake pads on only one side wear down much faster than the other side. Once it is determined what need to be replaced, removal of the old parts can begin. An adjustable wrench will be easiest instead of having to use many different size wrenches. Different siz ...

A Financial Plan for Your Small Business Research Paper

A Financial Plan for Your Small Business - Research Paper Example This will capture audience attention because instead of them looking at the dust on the walls or floors, their attention will be captured in the areas where dirt is removed. In addition, the use of graffiti will be cost effective for the business as designing them are slightly cheaper compared to other advertising sources. Secondly, the business will also incorporate the use of stickers as a marketing strategy to attract the attention of audiences to visit the restaurant and order for a taste of their custom meal. The stickers will be positioned in open areas like walls, poles, and billboards to easily attract the attention of prospective customers. The stickers will be used for various purposes by the business with an intent of attracting the audiences and they will include marketing the brand image for the store. Secondly, the stickers will be used to avail information about the place, location, and products being offered by the business. Lastly, stickers will be used to increase sales in a business as they will create an interest among the audiences, hence eliciting a response from their side which may result in the purchase of the products being offered by the business. Lastly, the business may incorporate publicity stunts by sponsoring said or known artist with different talents to perform major stunts which have the ability to attract customers attention with a view of making them visit the restaurant. An example is that the business will look for famous individuals look alike of dynamo the greatest magician to perform an eye-catching stunt like swallowing fire or eating metal at the entrance of the business. While doing this he or she after completing the task my advice the audiences to visit the location more if they wish to see other stances he did not perform that particular day.  

Lawrence of Arabia Write Up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lawrence of Arabia Write Up - Essay Example tes, â€Å"History hardly offers a clearer case of a man born for a mission, of a life moving along a path pointed out by fate-even though twists in its course may have hid the direction.†(Hart, 1989, p, 3) In this article, the issues and incidents relating to the meritorious rise of Lawrence from a helping hand in the Military Headquarters of British, to an extraordinary leader, who led by example, is discussed. Apart from his military adventures, the account of his skilful role as a negotiator for the Arab interests with the Western Powers is also given. This man was appreciated by no less a person than Sir Winston Churchill, the then Prime Minister of Great Britain. He possessed excellent literary skills. The synopsis of the story goes thus. Lawrence is content to call him an ‘ordinary man’, but all extraordinary personalities are modest in saying thus about themselves. Born in Tremadoc, Wales, in 1888, Thomas Edward - known as Ned - was the second of five illegitimate boys. Sir Thomas Chapman fell in love with the family governess, Sarah Junner, left his first marriage, took a new name of Lawrence and remained unwed. â€Å"School†, he said later, â€Å"was an irrelevant and time-wasting nuisance, which I hated and condemned.†(Hart, 1989, p, 4)He appreciated the practical life and remained ever ready to face its harsh realities. Lawrence family settled in Oxford, and here Ned got the opportunity to go to school and university. As a youth his latent love for history and travel found outward manifestation, and he took fascination to explore castles and old churches. A study trip took him to Syria, where he walked over a thousand miles. He studied remote Crusader castles. After graduation, he decided to become an archaeologist. His thesis for his finals was: The Influence of the Crusades on European Military Architecture - to the end of the XII century. He arrived to the Middle East, to work in an excavation site in Carchemish from 1910-1914, in northern part

The Royal Dutch Shell Company Commerce Essay

The Royal Dutch Shell Company Commerce Essay In this essay, I select The Royal Dutch Shell Company and write to analyze its secret to become successful. This international firm has lots of special experience for todays Chinese companies to learn because they are aspiring to rush out to the world. I will focus on four aspects, which are firms international strategy and policies analysis; international management and decision making style; macro analysis on how to change to survive and the companys globalization and adaption analysis functional analysis, including a brief financial information description. We will also give our own opinions and critics through the whole article. Royal Dutch Shell Group is the worlds second largest oil company and headquartered in The Hague, the Netherlands. It is composed by Royal Dutch Company and British Shell Company. It is a major international manufacturer of oil, natural gas, chemical and petroleum (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). It is also the worlds largest automotive fuel and lubricating oil retailers. It has rich experience in the aspects of financing, management and operation. It develops its business in about one hundred and forty five countries, with almost one hundred and twenty thousand employees. (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). Oil and gas production accounts for three percent and 3.5% respectively of the worlds total output. As the Netherlands largest industrial company, it has ranked the first in the fortune global top 500 list. 1.2 Brief Introduction to the Company Structure The structure of Shell Company is very unique. Subsidiary companies all over the world are managed collectively by Royal Dutch Shell Company and Shell Transport and Trading Company, including Royal Dutch holding sixty percent, Shell holding forty percent. The largest shareholder of Royal Dutch Shell Company is the investment company of Dutch royal family (Dai, Shells Way to Success., July 15, 2006). Royal Dutch Shell Group has the long-term vision of development business. The company developed on the basis of operating foreign oil and other commodities trade. It has more than one hundred years business history in many countries and its long-term cooperation partners spread over various fields. The investment scale of many Shell projects (whether upstream or downstream) is very large (Armstrong, March, 2010), and the operation cycle of these projects proceed for decades. As a result, the Royal Dutch Shell establishes and uses complex perspective plan technology research the future development Firm Strategy 2.1 Long Term Goals Royal Dutch Shells long-term goal as published states that they will, meet the energy needs of society in economically, socially and environmentally viable ways. The Royal Dutch Shell firm is continually trying to expand its business and profits with environmentally safe methods; however the extent to which an oil company can keep the environment safe is still questionable. Peter Voser, Shells CEO, said, Shells strategy is innovative and competitive explaining how 2011s dividends reached over 10 billion US dollars, and he is expecting further growth in 2012 as well (Solutions for Business). IEA describes this as the Industrys resurrection which promises huge benefits for the US economy and subsequently economies around the world (Crooks, Ed; Guy Chazan, 2012). The International Energy Agency or (IEA) is a multinational regulatory energy committee who have stated that as little as five years ago, oil and gas productions were on an inexorable downward trend in the US but Shells strateg y is innovative and competitive (Crooks, Ed; Guy Chazan, 2012). Shells stock price fell rapidly during this time. They are still recovering from oil crisis. The resulting fallout left many oil companies around the world wounded and many economies damaged, however Shell has helped the North America revitalize its economy. Royal Dutch Shell is striving to achieve its goal of finding ways to viably meet societys energy needs while increasing its profits in the world economy. 2.2 Macro Effect: Global problems Shell faces many global-macro level problems and the majority of them are difficult to resolve. First, the power difference between high and low levels in the workplace is very large. Shell macro-executive responsiveness may not be effectively projected upon local communities and the developing world (Wheeler, Fabig, Boele, 2002). Wheeler argues that the executive decisions made on the corporate level are not effectively being passed down the lower levels. Daniels describes this vertical differentiation in his book International Business: Environments and Operations as a problem that all companies must address (Daniels, Radelbaugh, Sullivan, 1998). Along with communication problems, price fluctuations also affect the companys profits. The Washington Journal reports, because weak US gas prices drag down [Shells] earnings, they are considering converting natural gas to road fuels to sell at higher prices (Williams, Shell Sets Sights on Natural Gas to Fuel Growth). This is still very early however and it will take nearly a decade before results are seen from any investment Shell decides to make. Royal Dutch Shell faces another major problem-the global energy shortage. As fossil fuels combust the create carbon dioxide and water. This chemical process is irreversible. Shell must also worry about their long term growth potential because of the fundamental economic principle of scarcity. Shell has decided to increase their global efforts to exploit and research renewable energy sources in the face of this problem. An external committee consisting of representatives from five different countries conducted an investigation on Shells ability to withstand with this ever changing and volatile market. Upon the investigations conclusion, the committee stated, [Shell has] successful management of its complex operations in the midst of global economic turmoil (Solutions for Business). The fact that five professionals concluded that Shell is doing well during this difficult time says a lot about the quality of this multinational company. Shell publically acknowledges the, Global economy w ill very likely see, continued volatility in the future (Solutions for Business). In fact Royal Dutch Shell recently had to write down its assets value according to a recent Wall Street Journal article resulting in a shift in North American Energy production (Williams, Shell Profit Hit by Weaker Oil, Gas Prices, 2012). Shell is facing many macro-level problems that are not completely in their control; they are working very hard to lessen the effects that the global recession and resource scarcity are placing on them. International Management and Decision Making Style Shells Special Management and its Reasons 3.1.1 Shell Has a Large Scale Royal Dutch Shell Group, as an oil company which has a long history and hires a large scale of employees, an appropriate management is very important for it to operate well and become successful. Shell has its own distinct management style as a multinational joint company with capital from the Netherlands, America and Britain (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). 3.1.2 Characteristic of the Industry Determines Its Integrated Management The capital intensive characteristic of the oil industry and Shells large scale both determine its integrated management (Liu, 2008) and decision making style rather than hierarchical management or any other styles. 3.1.3 Structure of Senior Management 3.2 The Two Parent Companies Are Relatively Independent The Royal Dutch Company and British Shell Company are two parent companies of the Royal Dutch Shell Group. They each registered independently in the Netherlands and in the United Kingdom (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). Although according to the contract, the two parent companies exchanged shares, but they have their own decision-making bodies and are responsible to their shareholders respectively. The two parent companies are not constituent parts of the group and do not participate in the groups operations directly. However, they have the right to appoint board members in their own holding companies in the group and charge interest from these companies. 3.3 Shell Service Companies Play an Important Role The Shell Group has total 11 service companies to bear management and service functions assigned from the headquarters. These companies main task is to provide consulting services for all group companies and associated companies and subsidiaries in their business. Service companies are divided by business, regions and functions (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). 3.3.1 Management Approach on Service Companies The Shell Group takes an integrated matrix management approach to conduct organizational management on its service companies. For instance, the service company in The Hague, the Netherlands focused on technical services but the service company in London, the UK focused on commercial services (Lei, 2007). The reason is that the Netherlands have some best technological universities in the world while London is the global trading center with much financial resource. From a functional point of view, this allocation of service companies can maximize the groups profit as well as optimize its management. 3.3.2 Segregation of Service Companies and Coordination Bureaus In order to facilitate regional coordination, service companies are also segregated geographically. The Shell Group established five Coordination Bureaus, which are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, the CIS and Eastern Europe, the Western Hemisphere and Africa and Far East and South Asia (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). 3.4 Business Company Is Mainstay of the Group 3.4.1 Business Company Definition The Shell Group has more than 300 business companies in more than 100 countries around the world. Their business scope includes oil, natural gas, coal, chemicals, and metals. Each business company is an independent organization and many of them are mutually associated. They are not wholly-owned by Shell because their Shareholders are various, including other companies, governments or individual investors. Where if more than 51% of these companies stocks are owned by the Shell Group, they are called the Group companies, the rest are called the associated companies. 3.4.2 Operational Mode of Business Company Management personnel in each business company are solely responsible for the companys own operations and long-term approach to development. A business company can either draw on the experience from service companies, or obtain other companies experience via them (Pender, March 16, 2002). The five-year plans and annual plans of a business company have to be viewed so that it can receive opinions from service companies. Therefore, a business company has to consult the planning, finance, personnel and other departments in service companies and then report to their corresponding regional coordination bureau. The regional coordination bureau will analyze and provide researches on the aspects of regional resources, market conditions and the groups ability to provide support (Dai, Royal Dutch Shells Secrets., March 15, 2003). After this procedure of research coordination, if the regional coordination bureau agreed, they would report to the groups board of directors for an approval. 3.5 Shell Keeps Pace with the Time From what mentioned above, the Shell Group has an integrated management model. Recently, the Shell group keeps up to date and takes a reform on its management structure. It developed its commercial companies in accordance with professional divisions, such as Shell Chemical, Shell Refinery, Shell Exploration and Exploitation and other business sectors (Knott, 2012). Shell also incorporated research institutions into respective companies, conducting these actions will improve the groups competitiveness continuously. Macro analysis 4.1 Global Adaption Once the Royal Dutch Shell decided to step into the global market, they need a complete international strategy to adapt the complicated problems and challenges. However, the challenges they faced could be the opportunities they own in some degrees. Obviously, Royal Dutch Shell have turned the challenges to opportunities successfully which due to their core international strategy. It covers the operating decentralization, international HR management and emergency mechanism (Pender, March 16, 2002). 4.1.1 Operating Decentralization Oil resource has a large relevance with the geopolitics situation which means the local political changes would have huge influence on the Royal Dutch Shells subsidiary company settled in that place (Liu, 2008). For this reason, Royal Dutch Shell has adapted the strategy which implements the operating decentralization. 4.2 Investment Diversification Investment diversification can maintain a favorable balance among their entire pattern. Royal Dutch Shell has oil and gas exploitation operation in more than 50 countries and areas, with refinery established in about 30 areas the corporations sales network covers more than 100 countries and areas (Pender, March 16, 2002). The political systems and wars are two of the most impact factors to the Oil Corporation. Yet the Royal Dutch Shell constructed a global investment network. Once one of the invested places suffered in war or the new political system changes put the company into an unfavorable situation, Royal Dutch Shell would cancel or transfer the investments (OHara, 2001). For example, on 20 August, 2012, Royal Dutch Shell announced that they achieved the oil concession of Skifska which is located in the Black Sea, Ukraine (Pender, March 16, 2002). That is a locality successful this year. However, just few months ago, Royal Dutch Shell had withdrawn from Libya due to its unstable social environment. 4.3 Product Diversification Though the Royal Dutch Shell has a wide product diversification network, their products only limited in energy sources and chemical industry which are relevance and cooperation to their familiar industry areas. There are four main products divisions. 4.3.1 Oil and Gas Products The oil and gas industry is the core business which is most important earning source. Its manufacturing equipments take over more than 80% of the total amount while the sales income occupies over 85% of the total sales (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). Beside it as a supplier for several airline companies, Royal Dutch Shell is the biggest crude oil producer in offshore, USA. In order to cooperate with its oil and gas business among the world, Royal Dutch Shell has a strong, efficient shipping chain. 4.3.2 Chemical Products In order to provide raw materials to subsidiary companies in Europe which could decline the costs and increase the competitiveness of the products, Royal Dutch Shell established chemical raw materials manufacturing factories in the Middle East where have abundant chemical raw materials resource. Over 80% of the chemical products would sell in Europe (Dai, Shells Way to Success., July 15, 2006). The main products involves in the catalyst, agrochemical and plasticizer market. 4.3.3 Coal Products Though the price of coal has a trend of decline, they require amount is increasing. The oil market has presented a trend that the supply is excess than the demand, it is more important to focus on the development of coal. Royal Dutch Shell provides coal products in over 70 countries and now they are making an effort on the expansion on the markets in North America and Hong Kong (Hua, 2008). 4.3.4 Non-Metallic Materials Products This kind materials representative as aluminum and bauxite. The non-metallic material products are part of the products diversification. It contributes to the implement of products diversification. A health balance could be maintained by adjustment of income in different areas. 4.4 International HR Management It is hard to say which country that Royal Dutch Shell belongs to as the international human resources is the tradition among the group.à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ 4.4.1 Global Talented Person Mechanismà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ The employees chosen standard that Royal Dutch Shell adapted is faced the international human resources. Which country that the employee comes from is not important if the employee meets the standard. As the data in annual report, 2011, Royal Dutch Shell has about 5700 international employees come from 76 different countries who work in its branches among 100 countries (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). The global talented person mechanism contributes its operation and management level into an international high level. Royal Dutch Shell has over 1000 joint ventures with other companies because of their multicultural environment. For example, the subsidiary company in Australia which mainly operating in steelmaking had surpassed the Nippon Shell. The president of the company is cone from Australia who has a wide human relationship. 4.4.2 Relative Independence Management Compare with its global talented person mechanism, the management to different local subsidiary companies have relative independence. The subsidiary companies in charge of their own operation business. The central offices in London and The Hague are in charge of providing financing institutions and technology skills to all the subsidiary. In this situation, the subsidiary companies can handle the emergency accidents by themselves with flexibility and subjective initiative (Heinrich C. C., 2005). Meanwhile, Royal Dutch Shell does not just give up the control of the subsidiary companies in different areas in the world. The experienced managers come to local branches and companies with their international management knowledge. It promises the concentration of the whole group which prevents the abruption. Functional Analysis International Financial Analysisà ¦Ã…“ ªÃƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ½Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚  à ¦Ã‚ Ã…“à §Ã¢â‚¬ ¹-à ¦Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¾121130_1à ¦Ã‚ Ã…“à §Ã¢â‚¬ ¹-à ¦Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¾121130_4 From the statement above we can see that Shell group in recent years keeps a good developing trend: sales, operating profit, net assets and increase year by year, Current ratio, average working capital rate of return, net profit/average net assets indexes, such as keep rising trend; Total debt/working capital is reduced year by year (PricewaterhouseCoopers CI LLP, March 14th, 2012). 5.2 Shells Revenue in Geographic Area In the statement we can see that in the Europe Asia Oceania Africa and the USA, the revenue are growing rapidly especially in the year 2010 to 2011. It is the reason why Shell can be the second column in the fortune magazine of global top 500 in 2011 rank only behind the Wal-Mart and on the top beyond Wal-Mart in July 9, 2012.à ¦Ã‚ Ã…“à §Ã¢â‚¬ ¹-à ¦Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¾121130_3 5.3 Conclusion of Financial Condition From the statement we also can see that the intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and equity-accounted investments growth the fastest in Asia. It is because in China, the Shells five core businesses are has made great strides in development such as exploration and production business and engaged in oil production. Also Shell has all over the country 250 cities of lube oil sales network and more than 40 shell brand gas station in Beijing Tianjin Chengdu and other big cities (Weiser, 2010). Meanwhile we noticed that the growth in other Americas is not as quick as in other areas. Through the discussion, we thought maybe these areas economic environment is not so good to do investment. Conclusion As one of the biggest multinational enterprises in the world Royal Dutch Shell plc is certainly one of the global economic giants pushing forward our global economy. It has demonstrated excellent functional ability evident through its marketing and sales numbers. It has a clear published company goal and moves closer to it by executing its long-term macro strategy. Although it faces numerous problems, Shell is using innovative and decisive ways to counteract the adverse effects of the global market while adapting to fit its customers. In conclusion, the Royal Dutch Shell Company is an excellent company worthy of investment with solid prospects for future growth.

In what ways is A view from the bridge like a Greek tragedy? Essay

In what ways is A view from the bridge like a Greek tragedy? Introduction In this essay I will be explaining in what ways "A View from the Bridge" is like a Greek tragedy by exploring what Eddie's tragic flaw is and how it influences his actions, sending him on a path of self-destruction that eventually leads to his tragic downfall. I will also be explaining which of the other characters and key events in the play have the biggest impacts on Eddie and his downfall. In the opening scene of the play, the audience is shown the setting of the play, which is the harbour area of Brooklyn near the Brooklyn bridge. When it shows Eddie with Beatrice and Catherine their use of dialogue initially suggests to the audience that they get along well and that there is a general 'happy family' atmosphere. The scene gives the audience the impression that Eddie is a good man who seems perfectly happy with his life since he has the dignity of a job that he likes and the love of his family. The audience also find out that Eddie is not related to Catherine which is an important fact to remember about him. Even though Eddie is not Catherine's real father he is still extremely over-protective of her, which suggests he may feel a bit too strongly for her and it is this love which is in fact the tragic flaw that eventually leads to his downfall. But this unlawful love does not come out into the open until it is sparked off by a metaphorical catalyst in the form of Beatrice's cousin Rodolpho. The first hints of this love that are given to the audience are when they see Eddie's obsession with the way Catherine dresses, for example when she comes in wearing a new dress and he says: " I think it's too short " He then goes o... ...uld be going on, perhaps a little. It didn't even cross her mind that she was a potential 'rival' to Beatrice; 'He said you was jealous?' Heidegger enveloped badman2k3's structuralism hypothesis. When Catherine falls in love with Rodolfo, Eddie cannot stand this, and does everything in his power to stop it, as his subconscious desires tear him apart slowly. He even calls the immigration bureau and risks his respect (which means so much to him) for her. I feel that both Eddie and Catherine were partly to blame for the tragic end of their relationship and in general. However, Catherine gained her confidence and independence a little more toward the end of the play. Eddie's possessiveness and dominance over Catherine suffocated her into staying a 'baby', but I feel she could/should have been more self- aware, especially of the situation around her.

Psychology, IT and Individualism Essay

As information technology continues to develop with more people getting exposed to it, numerous changes are also taking place the field of psychology. Previously, many IT analysts frequently argued that psychology was taking longer than enough to implement and adopt technological advancements. However, recent researches indicate that the practices and methods applied in psychology have greatly transformed as a result of changes in information technology. First, the internet has been one of the major latest trends in psychology; it is highly associated with psychopathology (Wilson 2004). For instance, depression and loneliness have often been connected to the excess use of the internet since it results to addiction. Secondly, there is the use of information technology in counseling and psychotherapy. This is currently being done via the internet; this has resulted to some lack of privacy and confidentiality as well as loss of effectiveness in the practice since some important features such as facial expression and verbal expression has been lost (Wilson 2004). IT is also applied in research and development in psychology to enhance further growth and generation of useful knowledge. For instance, the authors of the current DSM IV-TR applied computerized criteria in revising the classification of disorders in the manual to come with a less flawless criterion of categorizing disorders and disabilities. Using IT, today’s psychotherapists have been able to make numerous improvements in the way through which they can reach, counsel and correspond with their clients (discussed in the next section) (Azucena, Hunter, 2001). The growth of Psychotherapy Psychotherapy refers to private individual counseling by professional psychotherapists. As a highly growing trend in psychology, psychotherapy is used by psychotherapists to assist them in developing deliberate interpersonal relationships with their clients as a strategy for helping the patient to improve their well being. The trend applies many modern techniques of building closer relationships with the patients such as face to face dialogues, home phone calls and regular visits of the therapist to the client (Azucena, Hunter, 2001). This trend is basically aimed at improving the mental health of the patient through interpersonal relationships. This represents a great shift in the nature of counseling psychology, psychiatry, occupational therapy, clinical psychology and other related fields in psychology. In essence, psychotherapy is not a new trend in the field of psychology since over the years, people have received private reassurance and counsel from others; what is new and becoming increasingly famous in psychology is the application of modern and deliberate professional techniques in psychotherapy. Such psychotherapeutic techniques include online counseling whereby a therapist handles client personally through creating client accounts where he can easily relate with the client on one-on-one(but not face-to-face) bases (Tredinnick, Fowers, 1999). Most of the new psychotherapeutic techniques are possible because of the advancements in the use of information technology in the field of psychology as discussed above. For instance, therapists encourage clients to use social networks to be able to communicate easily with them and their families. In addition, they also approve the use of phone calls whereby clients are free to call their physicians at any time of the day so that they can discuss their issues at convenience. However, modern psychotherapy is not without a number of flaws. Recently, concerns have greatly risen concerning the advancement of individualism in psychotherapy (Tredinnick, Fowers, 1999). Psychotherapy encourages individualism on both the therapist and the client. Individualism is a term used in psychology to refer to ways through which people recognize themselves only and concentrate on individual goals as opposed to collectivism. In this sense, psychotherapist no longer view psychotherapy as a collective discipline that require combined efforts with other experts in the field since they are in a position to carry out counseling and psychiatry without involving anybody else—they can visit their clients at home, chat with them online and make home phone class with them. This has resulted to a great decline in the success of psychology as a collective discipline (Tredinnick, Fowers, 1999; Azucena, Hunter, 2001). Conclusion The use IT in psychology and the advancement in psychotherapy are important developments in psychology and should be highly encouraged. However, it is upon therapists and other psychological professionals to ensure that this new trends are used effectively to prevent the decline evident in cooperation among professional bodies in the field of psychology due to individualism. References Azucena, P. G. , Hunter, H. G. (2001) Redefining Therapeutic Success with Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy, Cyber-psychology & Behavior, 4(3), pp. 484-489. Fowers, B. J. , Tredinnick, M. G. (1999). Individualism and psychotherapy; are psychologists leading or following individualistic trends? Counseling, Psychology Quarterly, 12(3): pp. 303-313 Wilson, J. T. et al (2004). Current trends in psychology and the behavioral sciences. University of Pittsburgh press: Pittsburgh, PA.

Things Fall Apart And Purple Hibiscus Essay - 1374 Words

The Nigerian novels, Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, examine the intricate lives of characters and their family dynamics. Okonkwo, from Achebe’s novel, is a powerful man from the village of Umuofia, and Beatrice, from Adichie’s novel, is a submissive and abused wife. Despite Okonkwo and Beatrice both killing a family member, Okonkwo commits this act out of cowardice and fear of being viewed as weak, whereas Beatrice poisons Eugene as an act of self-defense and empowerment, contrasting the weakness she displayed through Eugene’s paralyzing abuse. Beatrice experiences years of systematic domestic abuse from her husband, Eugene, which causes her to feel powerless; whether it is her or her†¦show more content†¦Okonkwo’s father, Unoka, was viewed as a disappointment and failure: â€Å"Unoka, the grown-up, was a failure. He was poor, and his wife and children had barely enough to eat† (5 Achebe). Okonkwo feels deep shame in this perception of his father, and he makes the promise to himself not to repeat his father’s mistakes: â€Å"He was possessed by the fear of his father’s contemptible life and shameful death† (18). This â€Å"possessed† feeling Okonkwo harbors leads to him becoming obsessed with the idea of weakness. Okonkwo devotes his life to not being seen as weak; instead, he wants to be seen as a strong, successful man. Okonkwo goes far beyond his father’s legacy and becomes extremely aggressive and savage. His new uncontrollable nature causes him trouble in Umuofia, and he ends up killing his son. In Purple Hibiscus, polishing the ceramic figurines on the à ©tagerà ¨ is a way that Beatrice pacifies herself after Eugene’s violent episodes, and when Eugene breaks the therapeutic figurines, Beatrice’s submissive nature cracks with them. Throughout the novel, after Beatrice endures Eugene s abuse, she immediately will go and polish the figurines: â€Å"Mama stood hugging herself†¦Mama started at the lowest layer, polishing both the shelf and the figurines† (35 Adichie). When Beatrice returns from the hospital after Eugene punishes her and she miscarriages, she is drawn to the à ©tagerà ¨ as healing from what she sustained. WhenShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart And Purple Hibiscus Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pagescharacters in novels Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and the novel Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, are controlled by their beliefs, and irrationally act upon them. Adichie and Achebe effectively utilizes a plot events, to sim ultaneously exalt damage, created by the assertion of religious beliefs onto others. Forcing religion or personal beliefs onto others creates turmoil, as illustrated by both authors, shattering relationships or a consanguinity. Throughout Things Fall Apart, Achebe utilizesRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesvocabularies are based on the same list that Thomas uses in his Specimens of languages from Southern Nigeria (1914), in which he gives lists from 26 dialects of Igbo and closely related languages. Part V (1914) consists of Addenda to IboEnglish dictionary; apart from corrections to Part II, this volume adds a large amount of material from the Asaba dialect. In general, Thomass material is extensive, but inadequately transcribed and analysed. The CMS mission at Onitsha undertook the collection of a considerable